Heat stress

Heat Stress Tolerance - by A. Malcolm Campbell (Spring Semester, 2013)

Open questions: I have a list of 65 genes. Do you see any that are missing for heat stress? CNGC2, CNGC4, UPR, NCED4, HSFB1, HSCB2, HSFA1, HSFA2, ABA1, ABA2, ABA3, ADE1, ABI1, ABI2, ABI3, NPR1, UVH6, UVH3, UVH1, AXR1, TSL4, MS1, HOT1, ETR1, EIN2, ETO1, ETO2, ETO3, RBOHA, RBOHB, RBOHC, RBOHD, RBOHE, RBOHF, RBOHG, RBOHH, FAD2, FAD3, FAD4, FAD5, FAD6, FAD7, VTC1, VTC2, NPQ1, CAD2, CAT1, ACD2, UBP1, UBP2, PLD, PIPK, CAM3, MBF1, WRKY, DREB, CDPK, IRE1, BZIP17BZIP28, BZIP60, H2A.Z, UTR3, BIP1, BIP2.

There are four types of heat tolerance (Yeh et al., 2012)

basal thermotolerance (i.e., tolerance of HS without prior heat acclimation)
short-term acquired thermotolerance
long-term acquired thermotolerance
thermotolerance to moderately high temperature

The temperature sensor in plants, and animals, is encoded by a cyclic nucleotide-gated calcium channel (CNGC2 and CNGC4 in Arabidopsis) gene. This is a critical player in heat-stress response.
See Finka et al., 2012
Heat is sensed by at least four sensors:

calcium channel in PM
histone sensor in the nucleus
unfolded protein sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum
unfolded protein sensor in the cytosol

See Mittler et al., 2012

The lettuce gene NCED4 is responsible for germination of seeds at high temperatures.
See Argyris et al., 2010.

The heat shock (HS) process is induced in stages.

See Ikeda et al., 2011

Heat Shock Transcription Factors (HsFs) are subdivided into three classes called A, B and C. (Lin et al., 2011)
25 maize HsFs have been identified (see table from Lin et al.)

The DNS Binding Domain (DBD) from HsFs was used as a query to find them in maize. zmHsFs were aligned to show conservation and divergence. (Lin et al., 2011).

In Arabidopsis, ABSCISIC ACID–INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3) is a transcription factor induced in seeds that induces the transcription of seed-specific HsFs (Kotak et al., 2007). I should look for the blueberry ortholog.

In Monke et al., 2012, they found transcription factors (LEC1, PIL5 and AGL15) that turn on the production of ABI3. You can see what activates ABI3 and what ABI3 activates in the figure below (Monke et al., 2012).