CellularMemory:Hysteresis in Mammalian Cells

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Kramer, B.P. and Fussenegger, M. 2005. Hysteresis in a synthetic mammalian gene network. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102: 9517-9522. A graphical depiction of hysteresis. For a system that exists in a low output state initially (red line), a relatively high level of input is required to produce a high system output. For a system that exists in the high state initially (blue line), a relatively low level of input is required to produce a low system output. In other words, the two states are resistant to change and different levels of input are required to move from one state to another depending on the intitial state.